Hesperidanthus is re-established as a distinct genus consisting of five species, including those previously assigned to Schoenocrambe (minus its type) and the monotypic Caulostramina and Glaucocarpum. A detailed description of the combined genus, a key to the species, and complete synonymies are given. The new combinations H. argillaceus, H. barnebyi, H. jaegeri, and H. suffrutescens are proposed. Four of the five species assigned herein to Hesperidanthus are of considerable conservation concern, of which one (H. jaegeri) is endemic to California (Inyo County), and three (H. argillaceus, H. barnebyi, H. suffrutescens) are endemic to Utah (Duchesne, Emery, Uintah, Wayne counties). The fifth (H. linearifolius) is widespread in the southwestern United States (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas) and adjacent northern Mexico. On the basis of molecular, cytological, and morphological data, the type of Schoenocrambe, S. linifolia, clearly belongs to Sisymbrium and, therefore, Schoenocrambe has to be united with this genus.